Laner MR. 1979. Growing older female: heterosexual and homosexual. J Homosex; 4(3):267-275.

An analysis of the age-related content of "Personals" ads placed by heterosexual and homosexual women was undertaken to test hypotheses about differences and similarities between lesbian and nonlesbian aging. No support was found for a hypothesized overrepresentation of older advertisers of either sexual orientation. Contrary to popular notions, lesbians were not found to be seeking young partners. However, age differences between groups did indicate support for "accelerated aging" among heterosexual women. Possible advantages of lesbian over nonlesbian women in their experience of aging are presented.

Lee JA, ed. (1991). Gay Midlife and Maturity. New York: Harrington Park Press.

Lee, J. (1978). "Aging Is a State of Mind." In K. Jay & A. Young (Eds.). Lavender Culture (pp. 424-429). New York: Jove/HBJ.

The author’s personal perspectives on getting old.

Lipman A. (1984). Homosexuals. In: Palmore ER, ed. Handbook on the Aged in the United States. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press: 323-337.

Lucco AJ. 1987. Planned retirement housing preferences of older homosexuals. J Homosex;14(3-4):35-56.

This preliminary study investigated interest in planned retirement housing among older homosexuals and their preferences for certain facility characteristics. A nonrandom, volunteer sample of 57 lesbians and 399 gay men with a mean age of 63.3 years completed an anonymous survey. There was no difference with regard to living arrangement, home ownership, relationship status, or annual income between those respondents 55 to 64 years old and those 65 and older within each sex. The respondents were more likely to live alone, to be still working, and to have a higher socioeconomic status than the general older population. A large majority indicated an interest in planned retirement housing specifically sensitive to the needs of gay men and lesbians, with support for a continuum of services. Many respondents expressed a willingness to relocate significant distances in order to live in such a community. Security and health services were the most preferred, while mandatory services were rejected.

Lynch, Lee ; Woods, Akia. (1996).  Off the Rag: Lesbians Writing on Menopause. Norwich, Vt. : New Victoria Publishers.

This preliminary study investigated interest in planned retirement housing among older homosexuals and their mid-life.

Macdonald, B. (1991). A movement of old lesbians. In B. Macdonald and C. Rich (Eds.). Look me in the eye: Old women, aging, and ageism (pp. 147-153). San Francisco, CA: Spinster Books.

Macdonald B. ( 1984). A call for an end to ageism in lesbian and gay services. Lesbian Ethics; 1(1):57-64.

Macdonald, B. & Rich, C. (1991). Look Me in the Eye: Old Women, Aging and Ageism. San Francisco: Spinsters Ink.

Expanded edition. Start of the lesbian movement against ageism and the basis of the Facilitator’s Handbook published by Old Lesbians Organizing for Change (1992).

Martin, D. & Lyon, P. (1995). "The Older Lesbian." In B. Berzon & R. Leighton (Eds.) Positively Gay, Millbrae, CA: Celestial Arts, Exp. edition.

An essay on aging as a lesbian.

Minnigerode FA, Adelman MR. (1978). Elderly homosexual women and men: Report on a pilot study. The Family Coordinator ; 27(4):451-456.

Morrow, D. (1996). Coming out issues for adult lesbians: a group intervention. Social Work. 41: 64 -56.

Mountaingrove, R. (1987, July). West coast old lesbian conference and celebration. Off Our Backs, pp. 2, 14, 24.

Nestle, J. (1991). "Surviving and More: Interview with Mabel Hampton." Sinister Wisdom, 43/44 (Summer), 90-94.

Interview with 77 year old African-American lesbian.

Noyes LE. (1982. Gray and gay. Journal of Gerontological Nursing;8(11):636-639.

Poor, M. (1982). "Older Lesbians." In M. Cruikshank (Ed.) Lesbian Studies: Present and Future (pp. 165-173). Wesbury, NY: Feminist Press.

An essay about lesbian aging based on the author’s experiences as a psychotherapist and literature review.

Price, D. Commentary: Old gay women with new looks at aging. Gannett News Service, 05-30-1996, pp arc.

Quam, J. K. (1993). Gay and lesbian aging. SIECUS Report, 21(5), 10-12.

Quam, J.K. and Whitford G.S. 1992. Adaptation and age-related expectations of older gay and lesbian adults. The Geronotlogist, 32(3), 367-374 .

Results from a study of lesbian women and gay men in the Midwest over the age of 50, who indicate high levels of involvement in the gay community, provide a picture of the aging process of these adults that builds on previous research efforts. Respondents reported acceptance of the aging process, and high levels of life satisfaction, despite predictable problems associated with aging and sexual orientation. Being active in the gay community was an asset to accepting one's own aging.

Quam, J.K. (ed.) (1997) Social Services for Senior Gay Men and Lesbians. New York: Haworth Press.

Quam, J.K. (1996) Old Lesbians in McNaron. T and Zimmerman, B. (Eds.) Lesbian Studies. New York: Feminist Press.

Raphael, S.M. & Meyer (Robinson), M.R. (1988). "The Old Lesbian: Some Observations Ten Years Later." In M. Shernoff & W.A. Scott (Eds.) The Sourcebook n Lesbian/Gay Healthcare (2nd. ed.) (pp. 68-72). Washington, DC: National Lesbian / Gay Health Foundation.

Based on their research and experience as activists, the authors discuss issues about lesbian aging.

Raphael, S.M. & Meyer (Robinson), M.R. (1984). "The Older Lesbian: Love Relationships and Friendship Patterns." In T. Darty & S. Potter (Eds.). Women-Identified Women. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield Press.

The findings from interviews with 20 old lesbians.

Raphael, S.M. & Robinson, M.K. (1980). "The Older Lesbian: Love Relationships and Friendship Patterns." Alternative Lifestyles, 3(2), 207-209.

The findings from in-depth interviews with 20 lesbians.

Raphael, S.M. (1980, October). "What Health Care Professionals Should Know About Older Lesbians." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Detroit.

The author discusses the problems old lesbians have using health-care systems and suggests interventions.

Raphael, S.M. & Meyer, M.K. (1991, November). "Old Lesbians Deconstructing Ageism: Signposts to the Future." Paper presented at the 44th annual meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, San Francisco.

A discussion of the heterosexist assumptions in gerontology.

Reid, J.D. (1995). "Development in Later Life: Older Lesbian and Gay Lives." In A.R. D’Augelli & C.J. Patterson (Eds.), Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identities Over the Lifespan: Psychological Perspectives (pp. 215-240). New York: Oxford University Press.

Resource Guide: Lesbian and Gay Aging. San Francisco: National Association for Lesbian and Gay Gerontology, 1991.

Reyes, K.W., Thompson, M., & Adleman, J. (1993). Lamda Gray: A Practical, Emotional, and Spiritual Guide for Gays and Lesbians Who are Growing Older. Van Nuys, CA: Newcastle.

Riki (1975). "Aging." In K. Jay & A. Young (Eds.) After You’re Out (pp. 215-217). New York: Pyramid.

Riki gives a personal account of lesbian aging.

Robinson (Meyer), M.K. (1980, October). "Support Systems for Older Lesbians." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Detroit.

A discussion of social support systems that old lesbians have formed.

Robinson, (Meyer) M.K. (1979). The Older Lesbian. Unpublished master’s thesis. California State University, Dominguez Hills, California.

A qualitative study based on interviews with 20 old lesbians.

Sang, B.E. (1993). "Existential Issues of Midlife Lesbians." In L.D. Garnets & D.C. Kimmel (Eds.), Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Male Experiences (pp. 500-516). New York: Columbia University Press.

Sang, BE. (1992). Counseling and psychotherapy with midlife and older lesbians. In "Counseling Gay Men and Lesbians: Joourney to The End of the Rainbow." (SH Dworkin & FJ Gutierrez, Editors). Alexandria, VA: American Associaton for Counseling and Development.

Sang, B., Warshow, J., & Smith, A.J. (Eds.) (1991). Lesbians at Midlife: The Creative Transition. San Francisco: Spinsters Book Company.

A collection of poetry, research reports, essays and stories.

Sang, B. (1990). Reflections of midlife lesbians on their adolescence. In E. Rosenthal (Ed.). Women, aging, and ageism (pp. 111-117). New York: Harrington Park.

Schoonmaker C.V. (1993).  Aging Lesbians: Bearing the Burden of Triple Shame.  The Haworth Press, Inc.

Sharp, C.E. (1997). "Lesbianism and Later Life in an Australian Sample: How Does Development of One Affect Anticipation of the Other?" Journal of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Identity, 2, 247-263.

Slusher M.P., Mayer C.J., Dunkle R.E. (1996). Gays and Lesbians Older and Wiser (GLOW): a support group for older gay people. Gerontologist 36(1): 118-123.

Gays and Lesbians Older and Wiser (GLOW), a support group sponsored by a geriatric medical clinic in the midwest, is described. GLOW has been meeting monthly for 7 years. Scheduling, professional involvement, and special attention to social support seem critical for the group's success. Older lesbians and gay men often have unique support needs that may not be met by either general services to the elderly or by gay organizations, which typically cater to a younger population. We conclude that carefully designed support groups can meet some support needs for this older population.

Swallow, J. (1986). "Both Feet in Life: Interviews with Barbara McDonald and Cynthia Rich." In J. Alexander, et al. (Eds.) Women and Aging: An Anthology by Women (pp. 193-203). Corvallis, OR: Calyx Books.

Tully, C.A. (1992). "Research on Older Lesbian Women: What Is Known, What Is Not Known, and How to Learn More." In N.J. Woodman (Ed.) Lesbian and Gay Lifestyles: A Guide for Counseling and Education (pp. 235-264). New York: Irvington Publishers.

Recommendations for future research.

Tully, C.T. (1989). "Caregiving: What Do Midlife Lesbians View as Important?" Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 1(1), 87-103. The article examines to whom 73 midlife lesbians turn for care and from whom they expect care in the future if they become frail.

Therapeutic interventions specific to midlife lesbians are discussed.

Whalen, D. 1998. Lesbian Grandmothers: Similar to Other 'Fun-Seeking Grandparents. Outword 5(2): 3.

Whitford, G.S. and Quam, J.K. Old lesbians and old gay men. 1995. In Kimble, M., Ellor, J.W., McFadden, S.H., Seeber, JJ. (Eds.) Aging, Spirituality and Religion: A Handbook. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press.

Wolf, D. (November, 1978). Close friendship patterns of older lesbians. Paper presented at the Conference of the Gerontological Society, San Francisco, CA.

Wolfe, Paula. "The Midlife Transition to Lesbian: Cultural Influences on women’s Sexual Preference Change." Anthropology of Gender, 1997.

Warren Wolfe; Staff Writer, Reaching older people who don't fit the mold / Great chasms separate mainstream society from those who are homeless, gay, convicts, American Indians, disabled and others whose lives have unfolded differently. Star Tribune, 10-21-1995, pp 01E.

Woodman, N. (1987, September). Lesbian women in their midyears: issues and implications for practice. Paper presented at the health/mental health conference of the National Association of Social Workers, New Orleans.

Zimmerman, S. (1991, November). "Identity and History: The Elder Lesbian." Paper presented at the 44th annual meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, San Francisco.

Issues facing aging lesbians, based on life history interviews with 12 old dykes.

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